Hydrograph Shape Impact on Sand Infiltration and Sediment Transport Dynamics in Gravel‐Bed Rivers

Sand (i.e., < 2 mm) infiltration into a gravel bed is recognized to affect sediment dynamics of coarser fractions entrainment and transport rate), near-bed velocities, morphology, pose significant engineering ecological issues. Local hydraulics, dynamics, sand the matrix are related mutually each other in gravel-bed rivers. However, relatively little research has been done explore mobile under unsteady flow conditions. In present study, we experimentally simulated three hydrographs different durations rising falling limbs, monitored over beds with coarse fine grain size distribution. Results confirmed that addition enhances dynamics. Moreover, shape limb hydrograph was responsible for altering identified processes bedload rate. Short time-to-peak floods short time from start peak hydrograph) experienced higher rates during than hydrograph, favoring infiltration. contrast, long resulting reduced